Whether you need a visa, an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA), or just a valid passport to enter Canada depends on your citizenship, your travel method, and the purpose of your visit. Use our tool below to find out what applies to you.
Enter your information to find out whether you need a visa, an eTA, or just a passport. This tool is for informational purposes and does not replace professional legal advice.
Answers to common questions about Canadian visas, eTAs, and entry requirements.
Visas
What is a Canadian visitor visa, and who needs one?
A Canadian visitor visa, formally known as a Temporary Resident Visa (TRV), is an official document placed in your passport that allows you to travel to Canada. Citizens of most countries that do not have a visa-exemption agreement with Canada need a visitor visa to enter Canada by any method (air, land, or sea). The list of visa-required countries is set by IRCC and changes periodically.
How long does it take to get a Canadian visitor visa?
Processing times vary significantly by country and by current application volumes. As of early 2026, processing for visitor visas can range from a few weeks to several months. IRCC publishes current estimates by country on its website. Apply well in advance of your planned travel.
How long can I stay in Canada with a visitor visa?
Most visitors are admitted for up to six months, but the length of stay is determined by the border services officer at the port of entry, not by the visa itself. The officer may approve a shorter or longer stay based on the purpose of your visit and your circumstances. You can apply to extend your stay from within Canada if needed.
What is an eTA?
An Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) is a digital entry requirement linked to your passport. It is required for citizens of visa-exempt countries who plan to travel to Canada by air. The eTA is not a visa; it is a quick online authorization that allows airlines to confirm you're cleared to board a flight to Canada.
How do I apply for an eTA?
You apply for an eTA online through IRCC's official website. The application typically takes only a few minutes and costs CAD $7. Most applications are approved within minutes by automated systems, though some require manual review and may take days.
How long is an eTA valid for?
An eTA is valid for up to five years or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. During that period you can enter Canada multiple times for stays of up to six months each.
More on eTAs
My eTA was denied. What can I do?
If your eTA is refused, you should not travel to Canada. IRCC's guidance is to reapply for an eTA only after addressing the reasons for refusal, which may include past immigration issues, criminal history, misrepresentation, or incorrect application data. Depending on your situation, other options may include applying for a different type of authorization, seeking judicial review in limited circumstances, or consulting an immigration professional to understand your path forward.
I'm a US citizen. Do I need anything to enter Canada?
US citizens do not need a visa or eTA to enter Canada. A valid US passport (or other approved travel document, such as a NEXUS card or Enhanced Driver's License at land or sea borders) is sufficient. US permanent residents (green card holders) do need an eTA to fly to Canada.
Can I enter Canada with just my passport?
It depends on your citizenship. Citizens of visa-exempt countries can enter Canada by land or sea with just a valid passport. To enter by air, visa-exempt travelers (other than US citizens) also need an eTA. Visa-required travelers need a visitor visa regardless of how they enter.
Visa-Free Entry
What's the difference between a visitor visa and a work or study permit?
A visitor visa allows you to enter Canada for tourism, family visits, business meetings, or other short-term visits, but does not authorize you to work or study. If you plan to work, you generally need a work permit. If you plan to study at a Canadian institution for a program longer than six months, you generally need a study permit. These are separate authorizations, although some applications can be processed together.
Can I do business activities in Canada as a visitor?
Yes, in some cases. Business visitor activities, such as attending meetings, conferences, training, or after-sales service, generally do not require a work permit. However, the line between a permitted business visitor activity and unauthorized work can be unclear, and getting it wrong can lead to refusal of entry or future inadmissibility. When in doubt, consult an immigration lawyer before traveling.
Special Situations
I have a criminal record. Can I still enter Canada?
Possibly, but it depends on the nature of the offense, when it occurred, and whether you've been deemed rehabilitated. A criminal record can result in inadmissibility to Canada. You may be able to apply for a Temporary Resident Permit, criminal rehabilitation, or qualify for deemed rehabilitation. This is an area where professional advice is strongly recommended before attempting to travel.
I was previously refused entry to Canada. Can I try again?
A previous refusal does not necessarily prevent future entry, but it must be addressed in any future application. Honesty is essential: failing to disclose a prior refusal constitutes misrepresentation, which carries serious long-term immigration consequences. A professional assessment can help you understand what changed since your refusal and how to present a stronger case.
Entry to Canada can be complicated. If you've been denied an eTA, have inadmissibility concerns, or are navigating complex business visitor rules, we can help. Get an assessment and clear guidance on next steps.
Get in Touch